New English Edition
Artificial Intelligence in Horticulture
Kim Kyung-jin, Attorney at Law
Across five chapters and ten sections, this book examines computer vision for crop diagnosis, harvesting robots and autonomous field systems, smart greenhouses and digital twins, precision irrigation and supply-chain quality control, high-throughput phenotyping, and predictive breeding.
New English Edition
Artificial Intelligence in Food Crop Agriculture
Kim Kyung-jin, Attorney at Law
Across six chapters and eighteen sections, the book examines digital agricultural infrastructure, remote sensing, crop diagnosis, yield forecasting, precision irrigation, genomics, molecular breeding, agricultural robotics, climate-smart agriculture, and global food security.
New English Edition
The Future of Forestry and Agroforestry
Kim Kyung-jin, Attorney at Law
Driven by Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation
Across five chapters and fifteen sections, the book follows satellites, drones, LiDAR, digital twins, forest-specific language models, wildfire and pest forecasting, forestry robotics, agroforestry, timber traceability, and forest carbon markets.
New English Edition
Smart Livestock Farming: AI Enters the Barn
Kim Kyung-jin, Attorney at Law
Sensors listen, cameras watch, and artificial intelligence helps farmers decide.
Across five chapters and fifteen sections, the book follows precision livestock farming from animal health and reproduction to robotic milking, virtual fencing, digital twins, methane reduction, welfare, and data ownership.
Table of Contents
Han Dong-hoon, Busan Buk-gu Gap: A Record of the 100 Days Before and After the Election (Mar. 26-Jul. 3, 2026)
Kim Kyung-jin
Table of Contents and 13 sections
From March 26 to July 3, 2026, this record follows the spring after expulsion, the Busan Buk-gu Gap by-election, victory as an independent, and the first bill submitted in the National Assembly.
Table of Contents
Artificial Intelligence and Medicine
Kim Kyung-jin, Attorney at Law
AI in clinical care, hospitals, education, and research
AI in medical imaging, risk prediction, treatment planning, hospital operations, education, and research, with patient safety, privacy, and accountability.
[AI Library] Chapter 11. Data Is Territory
The Jensen Huang Story
Part 2. Architect of a New Age
Chapter 11. Data Is Territory
Kim Kyung-jin
The Romans laid roads on every land they conquered.
The Appian Way was one. The Aurelian Way was another. They understood something: without roads, legions couldn't move, and if legions couldn't move, the land didn't belong to Rome.
Roads were not just rows of stones. They were the veins through which Rome's will flowed, the channels that carried the empire's law and culture to its farthest reaches.
Two thousand years later, a man named Jensen Huang is meeting with leaders around the world, telling a similar story. Only the roads he talks about aren't made of asphalt.
They are fiber-optic cables that carry data, and AI factories that process it. And the territory he speaks of isn't physical land drawn by borders. It is a new kind of territory, invisible but undeniably real, called data.
Every Nation Must Have Its Own AI
In February 2024, the World Government Summit was held in Dubai. More than 4,000 delegates from 150 countries gathered there. Jensen Huang was invited as a speaker. Omar Al Olama, the UAE's Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence, sat down with him for a conversation. At that event, Jensen Huang introduced a concept to the world.
"Sovereign AI."
What does sovereignty mean? It is the right of a nation to govern itself without outside interference. The concept has been a foundation of the modern nation-state since the Treaty of Westphalia. Jensen Huang took this old word and brought it into the world of artificial intelligence.
His argument was straightforward. Every nation must have its own AI. It cannot simply borrow someone else's. Why not?
A nation's data contains everything about that nation. What its people think, what they buy and sell, what they say to each other, what diseases they get. This is not just a collection of numbers. It is a people's collective memory, the DNA of their culture, the footprints of their history.
Jensen Huang posed this question:
"Would you send your country's data to another country for processing, and then buy the resulting intelligence back at a premium?"
The question carries a sharp historical insight. Think of the 19th century. Colonized nations shipped raw materials to their colonial masters at rock-bottom prices. Rubber, cotton, crude oil. The imperial powers then processed those materials in their factories, turning them into tires, textiles, and gasoline. The finished goods were sold back to the colonies. At steep markups. Wealth flowed in one direction only.
Jensen Huang warns that the same thing could happen with data in the 21st century. Data is the new oil. But it matters far more than oil. Oil runs out; data keeps being generated. Oil is physical; data is the mind of an entire people.
What happens if a nation fails to build its own AI infrastructure? All of that nation's data flows into servers in Silicon Valley. Some company in California trains an AI model on it. Then that company sells the model back to the world. On a subscription basis.
This is a new form of dependency. A conquest carried out without guns or swords. Jensen Huang argues that every country needs to build its own 'AI factory' to prevent this. Just as power plants were once national infrastructure, AI factories that take in data and produce intelligence must now become national infrastructure.
In a BG2 interview, he put it this way:
"Nobody wants nuclear bombs. But everyone needs AI."
Nuclear weapons are arms you possess but can never use. They exist only as deterrence. AI is different. It gets used every day. In government administration, in healthcare, in education, in defense. The day is coming soon when a nation cannot function without AI. If that AI depends on another country, can we really call that nation sovereign?
In November 2024, Jensen Huang attended the APEC summit in Gyeongju, South Korea. There he announced large-scale partnerships with the Korean government and its major corporations. Samsung, SK, Hyundai, Naver. These companies were set to receive 260,000 NVIDIA GPUs. South Korea's Ministry of Science and ICT also committed to securing 50,000 GPUs to build sovereign AI infrastructure.
Jensen Huang said:
"Korea needs to build not just AI infrastructure but an entire ecosystem."
The word 'ecosystem' matters here. Buying chips and stacking them up doesn't complete sovereign AI. You need software running on those chips. You need talent to develop that software. You need companies where that talent can work. And all of it has to be connected organically.
Korea is well positioned in this regard. It has semiconductor manufacturing capability. It has software development capacity. It has homegrown tech companies like Naver and Kakao. It has a world-class manufacturing base. That is why Jensen Huang called Korea 'a key testbed for the physical AI era.'
Digital Sovereignty: Protecting Language and Culture
The importance of sovereign AI isn't only economic. There are cultural reasons too. These may be the more fundamental ones.
Think about the large language models that dominate the world today. GPT, Gemini, Claude. What data were they trained on? Mostly English. American English, specifically. Billions of documents, books, articles, and conversations floating around the internet. The overwhelming majority of this data comes from the Western world.
These models are smart. But that smartness carries built-in biases. Western values, Western historical perspectives, Western cultural nuances. All of it is baked into the model.
Say a Korean child asks an AI, "What is filial piety?" How would an AI trained on American data answer? It would explain the parent-child relationship from a Western lens, through the frame of independence and individualism. But could it convey the depth that the concept of filial piety holds in Korea, its historical weight, its connection to Confucian culture?
Jensen Huang took the stage at GTC Paris in 2025 alongside French President Emmanuel Macron and Mistral AI CEO Arthur Mensch. There, he said this.
"Intelligence is an inalienable national resource. You can outsource many things, but outsourcing your entire intelligence doesn't make sense."
He added.
"Intelligence comes from your country's data. That data belongs to your country. It is the knowledge of your people, their culture, their common sense. Most of the data isn't even on the internet. It's in libraries, in corporations. That data is yours."
France has a company called Mistral AI. It builds AI models tailored to the French language and European culture. NVIDIA is working with Mistral to build an AI cloud equipped with 18,000 GPUs. A 1.4-gigawatt AI campus is planned for construction near Paris.
Germany is doing the same. Deutsche Telekom has partnered with NVIDIA to build an "Industrial AI Cloud." Ten thousand Blackwell GPUs are being installed in a Munich data center. This is Germany's effort to maintain its standing as a manufacturing powerhouse in the AI era.
Look at India.
It is a country with 22 official languages and thousands of dialects. Can Silicon Valley's AI understand that diversity? The Indian government is developing AI that understands India's languages through the "Bhashini" project. Major conglomerates including the Tata Group are partnering with NVIDIA to build an Indian sovereign AI ecosystem.
What about Saudi Arabia? This country once refined crude oil to accumulate wealth. Now they want to refine data to produce intelligence. Under the HUMAIN initiative, they are developing an Arabic AI model called ALLAM. They have also drawn up plans to provide AI training to one million citizens. AI factories are rising where oil refineries once stood.
Ukraine's case is striking. It is a country at war. Yet under its Minister of Digital Transformation, Ukraine launched a project called "Diia.AI LLM," an AI model tailored to the Ukrainian language, Ukrainian law, and public services. It is a declaration that the country will not surrender its digital sovereignty, not even in the middle of a war.
South Korea is moving too. In late 2025, the Ministry of Science and ICT and the National IT Industry Promotion Agency held a launch event at COEX in Seoul for the "Independent AI Foundation Project." Naver Cloud, SK Telecom, LG AI Research, Upstage, NC AI. Five companies are each developing Korean AI models in their own way.
Their strategies differ. Some pursue ultra-large-scale models. Some focus on efficiency. Others prioritize real-world industrial applications in manufacturing, defense, or gaming. But they share a common goal: building an AI that fully understands Korean, and that can produce answers suited to Korean law and culture.
There is still a gap. In global AI performance benchmarks, Google's Gemini and OpenAI's GPT score in the 70s. Korean models score in the 40s. But this is not a matter of short-term ranking. It is a matter of long-term survival. Securing data sovereignty, building AI that can be applied to industry, and achieving economic self-reliance through it. That is the essence of sovereign AI.
A New Form of National Power Competition
Looking back at history, the measure of national power has changed with each era. In the agrarian age, the size of your land was your power. After the Industrial Revolution, steel production was power. In the 20th century, oil reserves and nuclear arsenals were the yardsticks.
What will measure national power in the 21st century? Jensen Huang says it is computing power. How many high-performance chips a country possesses, how fast those chips can process data, how efficiently the resulting intelligence can be produced. This is the new measure of national strength.
He compares AI to a five-layer cake. At the bottom is energy. Running an AI factory requires enormous amounts of electricity. The second layer is semiconductor chips, high-performance computing devices like GPUs. The third layer is infrastructure, data centers and networks. The fourth layer holds AI models, things like GPT or Gemini. The top layer is applications, the services we actually use. Only countries that are competitive across all five layers can become true AI powers.
Start with energy. AI data centers consume staggering amounts of electricity. Jensen Huang put it this way: "China produces twice as much energy as the United States."
This is a warning that the United States urgently needs to expand its energy infrastructure. The best chips in the world are useless without the electricity to run them. This is why Nordic countries like Norway, Finland, and Sweden hold an advantageous position in the AI infrastructure race. They can produce abundant, cheap electricity from hydropower and wind. Then there is talent. According to Jensen Huang, a significant share of the world's AI researchers are in China. In sheer numbers, China's talent pool is massive. Some statistics show that China holds 70% of all AI patents. If the United States wants to maintain its technological edge, export controls alone won't be enough. It needs to create an overwhelming technology gap. Huang has expressed concern about American strategy on this front. If the U.S. tries to shut China out through export controls, China will build its own independent technology ecosystem. In the long run, that could weaken America's grip on global technology standards. He said this.
"We are not losing market share. We could be losing the future standard."
This is a complex geopolitical dilemma. Shutting out a competitor may look favorable in the short term, but if that competitor goes its own way, the world fractures. Jensen Huang's strategy is different. He wants to help every country build its own sovereign AI on top of NVIDIA's technology stack. American technology becomes the global standard, while each nation's data sovereignty is respected.
This is why Jensen Huang travels the world so relentlessly. Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, India, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates. He meets heads of state, meets business leaders, signs partnerships. His title says CEO of NVIDIA, but his role goes beyond that. He serves as the hub of a Western technology alliance. You could call him the technology diplomat of the AI era.
In June 2025, NVIDIA announced it would deploy 3,000 exaflops of Blackwell systems to major European countries. France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom. AI infrastructure is being built in all of them. At his GTC keynote in Paris, Jensen Huang said this.
"Europe has now realized the importance of AI infrastructure. Within two years, we will increase Europe's AI computing capacity tenfold."
He reminded his European audience of their own history. Europe was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution. The steam engine first appeared here. Electricity was first adopted on a mass scale here. What is happening now, he said, is a revolution of the same magnitude. AI is the electricity of this era. AI factories are the power plants of this era.
Jensen Huang divides national security into two kinds. Written with a lowercase n and s, national security means military defense. Written with an uppercase N and S, National Security encompasses the dynamism of an economy, the productivity of industry, and cultural influence all together.
Sovereign AI is the cornerstone of this macroscopic national security framework. Without AI infrastructure, a country's scientists cannot conduct research. Its companies cannot create innovative services. Its manufacturing sector falls behind in automation and efficiency. Healthcare, education, public administration, every field stagnates.
A country that successfully builds sovereign AI stands in a different position. It can rearm its industries with AI. It can raise productivity by leaps and bounds. Jensen Huang puts it this way.
"Every industry will become a producer of intelligence."
An automaker is not just building cars. It is building the intelligence of autonomous driving. A pharmaceutical company is not just manufacturing drugs. It is building biological intelligence for new drug discovery. At the center of all these processes sits each nation's sovereign AI.
What we are witnessing is a new industrial revolution. Jensen Huang calls it "the hundred-trillion-dollar opportunity." If the old IT industry was a three-trillion-dollar tools market, AI affects the entire global economy because it replaces the work that humans used to perform.
In this massive transition, countries that fall behind become "intelligence consumers," forced to import intelligence produced by other nations at steep prices. Countries that move ahead become "intelligence producers," exporting intelligence and transforming their own industries.
Jensen Huang offers this advice to governments around the world.
"Start right now. The pace of technological progress will not wait for you. If you miss this moment, you may never catch up."
This is not an exaggeration. The speed of AI advancement has outpaced Moore's Law. NVIDIA has publicly committed to reducing the cost of token production by more than a millionfold within ten years. Every year brings a new architecture, and performance improves exponentially. Those who fail to board this train will stand on the platform forever, watching it pull away.
Data is territory. Chips are weapons. AI models are a nation's mind. Only countries that possess all three can remain sovereign states in the twenty-first century.
If the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 established the concept of the modern sovereign state, then the sovereign AI that Jensen Huang champions is defining the concept of the "digital sovereign state." Just as a people who lose their territory have no future, a nation that surrenders its data and entrusts its intelligence to another country has no independent future.
Jensen Huang is not just a person who sells chips. He is spelling out the preconditions for nations to survive and prosper in the coming era. He hands each country the tools and helps them build their own digital walls.
If Caesar expanded the borders of Rome, Jensen Huang is teaching each nation how to build its own digital fortress. The heat pouring out of AI factories is not a mere byproduct of computation. It is the hot breath proving that a nation still exists as a sovereign entity in the twenty-first century.
Kim Kyung-jin
Attorney · Former Member of the National Assembly · AI Policy Researcher
© 2026 Kim Kyung-jin. All rights reserved.