AI Library
The Double Structure of Digital Sovereignty
Europe’s Departure from Palantir and the Chains of American Big Tech
Kim Kyung-jin, Attorney at Law
This is a record of 2026, when European intelligence agencies and defense ministries began removing analytics tools from America’s Palantir. It covers the replacement decisions made by France’s General Directorate for Internal Security (DGSI), Germany’s Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV), and the Netherlands Ministry of Defense; the incident in which US export controls severed an ally’s ac…
New English Edition
Artificial Intelligence in Horticulture
Kim Kyung-jin, Attorney at Law
Across five chapters and ten sections, this book examines computer vision for crop diagnosis, harvesting robots and autonomous field systems, smart greenhouses and digital twins, precision irrigation and supply-chain quality control, high-throughput phenotyping, and predictive breeding.
New English Edition
Artificial Intelligence in Food Crop Agriculture
Kim Kyung-jin, Attorney at Law
Across six chapters and eighteen sections, the book examines digital agricultural infrastructure, remote sensing, crop diagnosis, yield forecasting, precision irrigation, genomics, molecular breeding, agricultural robotics, climate-smart agriculture, and global food security.
New English Edition
The Future of Forestry and Agroforestry
Kim Kyung-jin, Attorney at Law
Driven by Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation
Across five chapters and fifteen sections, the book follows satellites, drones, LiDAR, digital twins, forest-specific language models, wildfire and pest forecasting, forestry robotics, agroforestry, timber traceability, and forest carbon markets.
New English Edition
Smart Livestock Farming: AI Enters the Barn
Kim Kyung-jin, Attorney at Law
Sensors listen, cameras watch, and artificial intelligence helps farmers decide.
Across five chapters and fifteen sections, the book follows precision livestock farming from animal health and reproduction to robotic milking, virtual fencing, digital twins, methane reduction, welfare, and data ownership.
Table of Contents
Han Dong-hoon, Busan Buk-gu Gap: A Record of the 100 Days Before and After the Election (Mar. 26-Jul. 3, 2026)
Kim Kyung-jin
Table of Contents and 13 sections
From March 26 to July 3, 2026, this record follows the spring after expulsion, the Busan Buk-gu Gap by-election, victory as an independent, and the first bill submitted in the National Assembly.
Table of Contents
Artificial Intelligence and Medicine
Kim Kyung-jin, Attorney at Law
AI in clinical care, hospitals, education, and research
AI in medical imaging, risk prediction, treatment planning, hospital operations, education, and research, with patient safety, privacy, and accountability.
[AI Library] Chapter 11. Democracy and the Transformation of Power
Artificial Intelligence and the Reshaping of Society
Chapter 11. Democracy and the Transformation of Power
Kim Kyung-jin
1. AI-Powered Citizen Surveillance Operating in Over 70 Countries
A pedestrian walking through the alleys of Belgrade has no idea that their gait is being converted into digital code and stored on a distant server. In London's fog and under Riyadh's sun alike, AI cameras record the pulse of the city. According to the AI Global Surveillance (AIGS) Index, at least 75 countries have adopted AI for citizen surveillance, and facial recognition systems are running in 64 of them. China's Huawei supplies the technology to 63 countries, while American companies export to 32.
As of 2026, the facial recognition market is valued at $9.95 billion and projected to grow to $20.9 billion by 2031. London police scanned one million faces in the first half of 2025 alone, and in the Croydon district, permanent facial recognition cameras began appearing on street fixtures. The technology led to 103 arrests, and a formal consultation is underway to build a nationwide framework. The EU banned real-time facial recognition in public spaces starting February 2025, but that same April, Hungary approved real-time facial recognition to identify participants at LGBTQ rallies.
At Prague's airport in the Czech Republic, facial recognition that violated EU regulations ran for six months before finally being shut down on August 1, 2025. A member state of the same union circumvented the law almost immediately. The statistic that 51% of democratic nations operate AI surveillance systems shows that the character of a political system no longer serves as a check on surveillance. Clearview AI built a facial recognition database by scraping billions of photos from social media without consent and was fined a combined total of over 100 million euros across European countries. It has not paid a single cent.
Criminal charges followed in October 2025. The logic of surveillance runs on efficiency, not ideology, and efficiency does not discriminate between regimes.
2. Election Interference and Public Opinion Manipulation Through Deepfakes and Disinformation
Two days before Slovakia's 2023 general election, a fabricated audio clip of opposition leader Michal Simecka was circulated. It sounded as though he was saying, 'We need to buy Roma votes with money.' Election law imposed a 48-hour silence period, making any rebuttal impossible. The pro-Russian ruling party won. A single fake audio file changed the political fate of a country.
A Surfshark investigation found that deepfake incidents tied to elections occurred in 38 countries since 2021, affecting a population of 3.8 billion. All ten of the world's most populous countries were hit without exception. Recorded Future documented 82 high-profile deepfake impersonations across 38 countries between 2023 and 2024. In the first half of 2025, the number of deepfake incidents already exceeded 171% of the cumulative total since 2017. During India's 2024 elections, deepfake attempts surged 280%, and around the U.S. primaries, they spiked 303%.
Financial damages exceeded $1.56 billion as of 2025. A 2025 study found that people cannot reliably identify deepfake videos, and providing financial incentives did not improve accuracy. Detection technology is structurally slower than generation technology. When a new detection tool appears, attackers simply migrate to unlabeled open-source models.
Once the suspicion spreads that anything could be fake, even genuine evidence gets neutralized with a single line: 'How do we know that's not a deepfake too?' Yuval Harari's 'end of truth' is not a hypothesis; it is happening now. A survey finding that 58% of American adults expect synthetic disinformation to worsen before the 2026 elections backs this up. In a world where neither sight nor sound can be trusted, the shared factual ground that democracy depends on is crumbling.
3. The Shrinking Distance Between Predicting Regulation and Making It
Hashed CEO Kim Seo-jun's '30 Cracks' memo estimated a 40% probability that regulatory prediction agents would emerge within three years. Tools that forecast regulatory changes by synthesizing legislation, lawmaker statements, and public opinion data are already hitting the market. Political variables and accuracy limitations remain significant, but the question this technology raises is not a technical one. When the distance between predicting regulation and making regulation narrows, the principles of democracy themselves begin to shake. The more accurate the predictions become, the more those predictions turn into lobbying tools; and when lobbying shapes regulation, the prediction becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy.
The EU AI Act took effect in August 2024, is being implemented in phases, and will be fully enforced by August 2026. Violations carry fines of 35 million euros or 7% of global revenue, whichever is higher. The United States, however, has only 31 states with laws governing election-related deepfakes as of April 2026, and no comprehensive federal AI legislation exists. Regulatory frameworks across Asia vary widely as well.
China announced facial recognition regulations in March 2025, but they do not apply to state surveillance. Kim Seo-jun described the structural mismatch, where the speed of technological change overwhelms the speed of legislation, as 'the area where the gap between what is technically possible and what is politically permissible is widest.' Questions about geopolitical dependence on cloud infrastructure, single-point-of-failure risks, and service continuity guarantees have become matters of survival, not ideology. In an era where law is written as code and embedded directly into the lower layers of systems, the boundary between those who write the rules and those subject to them grows blurrier by the day.
When Anthropic refused to cooperate on military AI, its contracts were terminated across all federal agencies, and OpenAI filled the gap. The incident revealed that 'safety' can actually mean 'operate in a way that benefits our side.'
4. Outsourcing Moral Responsibility to Algorithms
The sentence 'The algorithm made that decision' has the same grammar as 'It was God's will.' There is a subject, but no return address for accountability. In an era where algorithms decide hiring, approve or deny loans, and predict the likelihood of crime, moral responsibility has nowhere to go. The Israeli military's Lavender system shows where this logic ends.
It collected data on 2.3 million residents of Gaza and scored each person from 1 to 100 based on the probability of Hamas affiliation. An intelligence analyst testified: 'As a human being, I played no role other than stamping my approval.' The time it took to authorize a strike on a target was 20 seconds.
If the system's accuracy is 90%, that means 3,700 of the 37,000 targets were innocent people, and nobody answered whether those 3,700 lives could be called a 'margin of error.' We have always outsourced moral responsibility. It was God's will, so nothing could be done. It was market logic, so nothing could be done. Democratic procedures were followed, so nothing could be done. AI is the latest entry in that lineage.
Mission statements say 'ethical AI,' while balance sheets record speed, profit, and market share. AI reads both the ethics textbook and society's actual scorecard at the same time, and it always follows the scorecard. Smartphone notifications serve the same function as food pellets given to Skinner's pigeons. Variable reward systems condition us to the interface; in the process, the effort to find answers for ourselves fades, and the capacity for independent judgment weakens.
The moment moral reflection is handed off to algorithms, the autonomous judgment of citizens, the very foundation of democracy, quietly shrinks. Palestinian poet Mosab Abu Toha, fleeing with his three-year-old child, was misclassified as a wanted person by a facial recognition AI error. He was detained for two days and tortured. A machine's mistake left a wound on one person's life that can never heal, but there was no address anywhere to hold accountable.
Kim Kyung-jin
Attorney · Former Member of the National Assembly · AI Policy Researcher
© 2026 Kim Kyung-jin. All rights reserved.